5. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Concrete Instructional Resources
6. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Representational Instructional Resources
7. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Informational and Persuasive Text
Section One: Foundational Principles
1. Social Studies: The Subject You Will Teach
Memories of Elementary School Social Studies
Attribute 1: Social Studies as a School Subject
Attribute 2: The Origin, Erosion, and Rebirth of Social Studies
Attribute 3: Instructional Practices That Promote and Support Learning
Attribute 4: Democratic Classroom Communities
A Final Thought
References
2. Effective Instructional Planning
What Is Instructional Planning?
How Are Unit Plans Constructed?
How Are Lesson Plans Constructed?
What Is Differentiated Instruction?
A Final Thought
References
Section Two: Methods and Strategies to Reach and Teach Your Students
3. Social Constructivism: Constructing Meaning via Collaborative Encounters
Constructivism as a Way of Thinking and Learning
Task 1: A Meaningful and Purposeful Learning Context
Task 2: Engaging Students with Quality Instructional Resources
Task 3: Using Language Processes to Scaffold Learning
Task 4: Organizing and Communicating Ideas with Graphic Organizers
Task 5: Breaking Down Concepts for Explicit, Focused Group Instruction
Task 6: Modeling as a Scaffolding Technique
Task 7: Collaborating and Cooperating with Peers as MKOs
Task 8: Scaffolding Learning with Computers as MKOs
A Final Thought
References
4. Cognitive Constructivism: A Spotlight on Project-Based Learning
Cognitive Constructivism
Project-Based Learning (PBL)
Inquiry-Based Learning
Creative Problem Solving (CPS)
A Final Thought
References
Section Three: Instructional Resources
5. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Concrete Instructional Resources
Authentic Learning
Field Trips
Classroom Visitors
Realia
The Arts
Games
A Final Thought
References
6. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Representational Instructional Resources
Educational Technology in the Classroom
Pictures and Study Prints
Simulations
A Final Thought
References
7. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Informational and Persuasive Text
What Is Informational Text?
Social Studies Textbooks
Informational Books
Biographies
Newspapers
Strategies for Reading Informational Text
What Is Persuasive Text?
A Final Thought
References
8. Beyond the Ordinary: Teaching and Learning with Narrative Text
Personal Narratives
Historical Fiction
Folktales
Poetry
A Final Thought
References
Section Four: Lenses on Learning: Six Social Sciences
9. Young Historians: Learning to Unlock the Past
History in Focus
Chronological Thinking
Historical Comprehension
Historical Analysis and Interpretation
Historical Research Capabilities
Historical Issues Analysis and Decision Making
An Integration of Knowledge and Ideas
A Final Thought
References
10. Geography: Exploring the People—Place Connection
Geography in Focus
Essential Element 1: The World in Spatial Terms
Essential Element 2: Places and Regions
Essential Element 3: Physical Systems
Essential Element 4: Human Systems
Essential Element 5: Environment and Society
Essential Element 6: The Uses of Geography
A Final Thought
References
11. Civics: Young Citizens in Action
Civics In Focus
What Is Government and What Should It Do?
What Are the Basic Values and Principles of American Democracy?
How Does the Government Established by the Constitution Embody the Purposes, Values, and Principles of American Democracy?
What Is the Relationship of the United States to Other Nations and to World Affairs?
What Are the Roles of the Citizen in American Democracy?
A Final Thought
References
12. Economics: Thinking and Choosing Responsibly
Economics Literacy
Six Core Economic Principles
A Final Thought
References
13. Sociology and Anthropology: Social Structures and Culture
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