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Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Portable Edition, 11th Edition

Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Portable Edition, 11th Edition

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Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Portable Edition, 11th Edition Bank Test , Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Portable Edition, 11th Edition Textbook , Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Portable Edition, 11th Edition PDF , Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing, Portable Edition, 11th Edition eBook , X. J. Kennedy, Pitzer College Dana Gioia, University of Southern California

Category : Higher Education

Table of Contents

** Indicates new selections

 

Fiction

 

Interview with Amy Tan

 

1. Reading a Story 

The Art of Fiction

Types of Short Fiction

  W. Somerset Maugham, The Appointment in Samarra 

  Aesop, The North Wind and the Sun 

  ** Bidpai, The Tortoise and the Geese

  Chuang Tzu, Independence 

  Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, Godfather Death    

Plot 

The Short Story 

  John Updike, A & P 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  John Updike, Why Write? 

Thinking About Plot

Checklist: Writing About Plot

Writing Assignment on Plot 

More Topics for Writing 

Terms for Review 

 

2. Point of View 

Identifying Point of View

Types of Narrators

Stream of Consciousness

  William Faulkner, A Rose for Emily 

  Edgar Allan Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart

  ** Virginia Woolf, A Haunted House

  ** Eudora Welty, Why I Live at the P. O.

  James Baldwin, Sonny’s Blues 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing

  James Baldwin, Race and the African American Writer 

Thinking About Point of View

Checklist: Writing About Point of View

Writing Assignment on Point of View 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

3. Character

Types of Characters

  Katherine Anne Porter, The Jilting of Granny Weatherall 

  Katherine Mansfield, Miss Brill 

  ** Naguib Mahfouz, The Lawsuit 

  Raymond Carver, Cathedral 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Raymond Carver, Commonplace but Precise Language 

Thinking About Character

Checklist: Writing About Character

Writing Assignment on Character

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

4. Setting 

Elements of Setting

Historical Fiction

Regionalism

Naturalism

  Kate Chopin, The Storm 

  Jack London, To Build a Fire 

  T. Coraghessan Boyle, Greasy Lake 

  Amy Tan, A Pair of Tickets 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Amy Tan, Setting the Voice 

Thinking About Setting

Checklist: Writing About Setting

Writing Assignment on Setting

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

5. Tone and Style 

Tone

Style

Diction

  Ernest Hemingway, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place 

  William Faulkner, Barn Burning 

Irony 

  O. Henry, The Gift of the Magi 

  Ha Jin, Saboteur 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Ernest Hemingway, The Direct Style 

Thinking About Tone and Style

Checklist: Writing About Tone and Style

Writing Assignment on Tone and Style

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

6. Theme 

Plot vs. Theme

Theme as Unifying Device

Finding the Theme

  Stephen Crane, The Open Boat 

  Alice Munro, How I Met My Husband 

  Luke 15:11–32, The Parable of the Prodigal Son 

  Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., Harrison Bergeron 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., The Themes of Science Fiction 

Thinking About Theme

Checklist: Writing about Theme

Writing Assignment on Theme

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

7. Symbol 

Allegory

Symbols

Recognizing Symbols

  John Steinbeck, The Chrysanthemums 

  ** John Cheever, The Swimmer

  Ursula K. Le Guin, The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas 

  Shirley Jackson, The Lottery 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Shirley Jackson, Biography of a Story 

Thinking About Symbols

Checklist: Writing About Symbols

Writing Assignment on Symbols 

  Student Paper, An Analysis of the Symbolism in Steinbeck’s “The Chrysanthemums” 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

8. Reading Long Stories and Novels 

Origins of the Novel

Romance

Novels and Journalism

Short Novels and Novellas

The Future of the Novel

  Leo Tolstoy, The Death of Ivan Ilych 

  Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Franz Kafka, Discussing The Metamorphosis 

Thinking About Long Stories and Novels

Checklist: Writing About Ideas for a Research Paper

Writing Assignment for a Research Paper

Student Paper, Kafka’s Greatness

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

9. Latin American Fiction 

  Jorge Luis Borges, The Gospel According to Mark 

  Octavio Paz, My Life with the Wave 

  ** Gabriel García Márquez, A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings 

  ** Inés Arredondo, The Shunammite 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Gabriel García Márquez, My Beginnings As A Writer

Topics for Writing on “The Gospel According to Mark” 

Topics for Writing on “My Life with Wave” 

Topics for Writing on “a very old man with enormous wings” 

Topics for Writing on “The Shunammite” 

 

10. Critical Casebook: Flannery O’Connor 

  Flannery O’Connor, A Good Man Is Hard to Find 

  Flannery O’Connor, Revelation 

  Flannery O’Connor, Parker’s Back 

  Flannery O’Connor on Writing

  From “On Her Own Work” 

  On Her Catholic Faith

  From “The Grotesque in Southern Fiction” 

Yearbook Cartoons

Critics on Flannery O’Connor

  J. O. Tate, A Good Source Is Not So Hard to Find: The Real Life Misfit 

  Mary Jane Schenck, Deconstructing “A Good Man Is Hard to Find” 

  Louise S. Cowann The Character of Mrs. Turpin in “Revelation” 

  Kathleen Feeley, The Mystery of Divine Direction: “Parker’s Back” 

Writing Effectively

Topics for Writing 

 

11. Critical Casebook: Three Stories in Depth 

Nathaniel Hawthorne

  Young Goodman Brown 

  ** Nathaniel Hawthorne on Writing

  ** Reflections on Truth and Clarity in Literature

  ** Criticizing His Own Work

Critics on Hawthorne

  ** Herman Melville, Excerpt from a Review of “Mosses from and Old Manse”

  ** Edgar Allan Poe, The Genius of Hawthorne's Short Stories

Critics on “Young Goodman Brown”

  ** Richard H. Fogle, Ambiguity in “Young Goodman Brown”

  ** Paul J. Hurley, Evil Wherever He Looks

  ** Nancy Bunge, Complacency and Community

 

Charlotte Perkins Gilman 

  The Yellow Wallpaper 

  Charlotte Perkins Gilman on Writing

  Why I Wrote “The Yellow Wallpaper” 

  Whatever Is 

  The Nervous Breakdown of Women 

Critics on “The Yellow Wallpaper”

  Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in “The Yellow Wallpaper” 

  Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar, Imprisonment and Escape: The Psychology of Confinement 

  Elizabeth Ammons, Biographical Echoes in “The Yellow Wallpaper” 

 

Alice Walker 

  Everyday Use

  Alice Walker on Writing

  The Black Woman Writer in America 

  Reflections on Writing and Women's Lives

Critics on “Everyday Use”

  Barbara T. Christian, “Everyday Use” and the Black Power Movement 

  Houston A. Baker and Charlotte Pierce-Baker, Stylish vs. Sacred in “Everyday Use” 

  Elaine Showalter, Quilt as Metaphor in “Everyday Use” 

Writing Effectively

Topics for Writing on “Young Goodman Brown” 

Topics for Writing on “The Yellow Wallpaper” 

Topics for Writing on “Everyday Use” 

 

12. Stories for Further Reading 

Chinua Achebe, Dead Men’s Path 

** Sherman Alexie, This Is What It Means to Say Phoenix, Arizona

Margaret Atwood, Happy Endings 

Ambrose Bierce, An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge 

Willa Cather, Paul’s Case 

Anton Chekhov, The Lady with the Pet Dog 

Kate Chopin, The Story of an Hour 

Sandra Cisneros, The House on Mango Street 

Ralph Ellison, Battle Royal 

Zora Neale Hurston, Sweat 

James Joyce, Araby 

** Franz Kafka, Before the Law 

Jamaica Kincaid, Girl 

Jhumpa Lahiri, Interpreter of Maladies 

D. H. Lawrence, The Rocking-Horse Winner 

Bobbie Ann Mason, Shiloh 

** Lorrie Moore, How To Become A Writer

Joyce Carol Oates, Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? 

Tim O’Brien, The Things They Carried 

Tillie Olsen, I Stand Here Ironing 

Tobias Wolff, The Rich Brother 

 

Poetry

 

Interview with Kay Ryan

 

13. Reading a Poem 

Poetry or Verse

Reading a Poem

Paraphrase

  William Butler Yeats, The Lake Isle of Innisfree 

Lyric Poetry 

   Robert Hayden, Those Winter Sundays 

Adrienne Rich, Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers 

Narrative Poetry 

  Anonymous, Sir Patrick Spence 

  Robert Frost, “Out, Out—” 

  Dramatic Poetry 

  Robert Browning, My Last Duchess 

Didactic Poetry

 Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Adrienne Rich, Recalling “Aunt Jennifer’s Tigers” 

Thinking About Paraphrase 

  William Stafford, Ask Me 

  William Stafford, A Paraphrase of “Ask Me” 

Checklist: Writing a Paraphrase

Writing Assignment on Paraphrasing 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

14. Listening to a Voice

 Tone 

  Theodore Roethke, My Papa’s Waltz 

  Countee Cullen, For a Lady I Know 

  Anne Bradstreet, The Author to Her Book 

  Walt Whitman, To a Locomotive in Winter 

  Emily Dickinson, I like to see it lap the Miles 

  ** Kevin Young, Doo Wop

  Weldon Kees, For My Daughter 

The Person in the Poem 

  Natasha Trethewey, White Lies 

  Edwin Arlington Robinson, Luke Havergal 

  Ted Hughes, Hawk Roosting 

  Suji Kwock Kim, Monologue for an Onion 

  William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud 

  Dorothy Wordsworth, Journal Entry 

  James Stephens, A Glass of Beer 

  Anne Sexton, Her Kind 

  William Carlos Williams, The Red Wheelbarrow 

Irony 

  Robert Creeley, Oh No 

  W. H. Auden, The Unknown Citizen 

  Sharon Olds, Rites of Passage

  ** Rod Taylor, Dakota: October, 1822: Hunkpapa Warrior

  Sarah N. Cleghorn, The Golf Links 

  Edna St. Vincent Millay, Second Fig 

  ** Dorothy Parker, Comment

  ** Bob Hicok, Making It In Poetry

  Thomas Hardy, The Workbox 

For Review and Further Study 

  William Blake, The Chimney Sweeper 

  ** Erich Fried, The Measures Taken 

  William Stafford, At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border 

  Richard Lovelace, To Lucasta 

  Wilfred Owen, Dulce et Decorum Est 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Wilfred Owen, War Poetry 

Thinking About Tone

Checklist: Writing about Tone 

Writing Assignment on Tone 

  Student Paper, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke’s “My Papa’s Waltz” 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

15. Words 

Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First 

  William Carlos Williams, This Is Just to Say 

Diction 

  Marianne Moore, Silence 

  Robert Graves, Down, Wanton, Down! 

  John Donne, Batter my heart, three-personed God, for You 

The Value of a Dictionary 

  Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Aftermath 

  ** Kay Ryan, Chemise

  J. V. Cunningham, Friend, on this scaffold Thomas More lies dead 

  Carl Sandburg, Grass

  ** Dan Anderson, Dog Haiku

Word Choice and Word Order

  Robert Herrick, Upon Julia’s Clothes 

  ** Robert Burns, Auld Lang Syne

  Kay Ryan, Blandeur 

  Thomas Hardy, The Ruined Maid 

  Richard Eberhart, The Fury of Aerial Bombardment 

  Wendy Cope, Lonely Hearts 

For Review and Further Study 

  E. E. Cummings, anyone lived in a pretty how town 

  Billy Collins, The Names 

  ** Charles Bukowski, Dostoevsky

  Anonymous, Carnation Milk 

  Gina Valdés, English con Salsa 

  Lewis Carroll, Jabberwocky 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Lewis Carroll, Humpty Dumpty Explicates “Jabberwocky” 

Thinking About Diction 

Checklist: Writing About diction

Writing Assignment on Word Choice 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

16. Saying and Suggesting 

Denotation and Connotation

  John Masefield, Cargoes 

  William Blake, London 

  Wallace Stevens, Disillusionment of Ten O’Clock 

  Gwendolyn Brooks, Southeast Corner 

  Timothy Steele, Epitaph 

  E. E. Cummings, next to of course god america i 

  Robert Frost, Fire and Ice 

  ** Diane Thiel, The Minefield    

  ** Ron Rash, The Day the Gates Closed    

  Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Tears, Idle Tears 

  Richard Wilbur, Love Calls Us to the Things of This World 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Richard Wilbur, Concerning “Love Calls Us to the Things of This World” 

Thinking About Denotation and Connotation 

Checklist: writing about What a Poem SAYS AND Suggests 

Writing Assignment on Denotation and Connotation 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

    

17. Imagery 

  Ezra Pound, In a Station of the Metro 

  Taniguchi Buson, The Piercing Chill I Feel

Imagery

  T. S. Eliot, The Winter Evening Settles Down 

  Theodore Roethke, Root Cellar 

  Elizabeth Bishop, The Fish 

  ** Rainer Maria Rilke, The Panther

  Charles Simic, Fork 

  Emily Dickinson, A Route of Evanescence 

  Jean Toomer, Reapers 

  Gerard Manley Hopkins, Pied Beauty 

About Haiku 

  Arakida Moritake, The falling flower 

  Matsuo Basho, Heat-lightning streak 

  Matsuo Basho, In the old stone pool 

  Taniguchi Buson, On the one-ton temple bell 

  ** Taniguchi Buson, Moonrise on mudflats

  Kobayashi Issa, Only One Guy 

  Kobayashi Issa, Cricket 

Haiku from Japanese Internment Camps 

  ** Suiko Matsushita, Cosmos in Bloom 

  ** Neiji Ozawa, The War—This Year

  Hakuro Wada, Even the Croaking of Frogs 

Contemporary Haiku 

  Etheridge Knightn Making jazz swing in

  Lee Gurga, Visitor’s Room

  Penny Harter, broken bowl

  Jennifer Brutschy, Born Again

  John Ridland, The Lazy Man’s Haiku

  Garry Gay, Hole in the Ozone

For Review and Further Study 

  John Keats, Bright star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art 

  Walt Whitman, The Runner 

  T. E. Hulme, Image 

  William Carlos Williams, El Hombre 

  Robert Bly, Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter 

  ** Paul Goodman, Birthday Cake

  Louise Glück, Mock Orange 

  Billy Collins, Embrace 

   ** Kevin Prufer, Pause, Pause

  Stevie Smith, Not Waving but Drowning 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Ezra Pound, The Image 

  Thinking About Imagery 

Checklist: Writing about Imagery 

Writing Assignment on Imagery 

  Student Paper, FADED BEAUTY: Elizabeth Bishop’s Use of Imagery in “The Fish” 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

18. Figures of Speech 

Why Speak Figuratively? 

  Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Eagle 

  William Shakespeare, Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? 

  Howard Moss, Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day? 

Metaphor and Simile 

  Emily Dickinson, My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun 

  Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Flower in the Crannied Wall 

  William Blake, To see a world in a grain of sand 

  Sylvia Plath, Metaphors 

  N. Scott Momaday, Simile 

  Emily Dickinson, It dropped so low – in my Regard 

  ** Jill Alexander Essbaum, The Heart 

  Craig Raine, A Martian Sends a Postcard Home 

Other Figures of Speech 

  James Stephens, The Wind 

  Margaret Atwood, You fit into me 

  George Herbert, The Pulley 

  Dana Gioia, Money 

  Charles Simic, My Shoes

  ** Carl Sandburg, Fog 

For Review and Further Study 

  Robert Frost, The Silken Tent 

  Jane Kenyon, The Suitor 

  Robert Frost, The Secret Sits 

  A. R. Ammons, Coward 

  Kay Ryan, Turtle 

  ** Anne Stevenson, The Demolition 

  Robinson Jeffers, Hands 

  Robert Burns, Oh, my love is like a red, red rose 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Robert Frost, The Importance of Poetic Metaphor 

Thinking About Metaphors 

Checklist: Writing About Metaphors 

Writing Assignment on Figures of Speech 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

19. Song 

Singing and Saying 

  Ben Jonson, To Celia 

  ** James Weldon Johnson, Since You Went Away

  William Shakespeare, O mistress mine 

  Edwin Arlington Robinson, Richard Cory 

  Paul Simon, Richard Cory 

Ballads 

  Anonymous, Bonny Barbara Allan 

  Dudley Randall, Ballad of Birmingham 

Blues 

  Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams, Jailhouse Blues 

  W. H. Auden, Funeral Blues 

  ** Kevin Young, Late Blues

Rap 

  Run D.M.C., from Peter Piper 

For Review and Further Study 

  John Lennon and Paul McCartney, Eleanor Rigby 

  Bob Dylan, The Times They Are a-Changin’ 

  Aimee Mann, Deathly 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Paul McCartney, Creating “Eleanor Rigby” 

Thinking About Poetry and Song

Checklist: Writing About Song Lyrics 

Writing Assignment on Song Lyrics  

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

20. Sound 

Sound as Meaning 

  Alexander Pope, True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance 

  William Butler Yeats, Who Goes with Fergus? 

  John Updike, Recital 

  William Wordsworth, A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal 

  Emanuel di Pasquale, Rain 

  Aphra Behn, When maidens are young 

Alliteration and Assonance 

  A. E. Housman, Eight O’Clock 

  James Joyce, All day I hear 

  Alfred, Lord Tennyson, The Splendor Falls on Castle Walls 

Rime 

  William Cole, On my boat on Lake Cayuga 

  Hilaire Belloc, The Hippopotamus 

  Ogden Nash, The Panther 

  William Butler Yeats, Leda and the Swan 

  Gerard Manley Hopkins, God’s Grandeur 

  ** William Jay Smith, A Note on the Vanity Dresser 

  Robert Frost, Desert Places 

Reading and Hearing Poems Aloud 

  Michael Stillman, In Memoriam John Coltrane 

  William Shakespeare, Full fathom five thy father lies 

  T. S. Eliot, Virginia 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  T. S. Eliot, The Music of Poetry 

Thinking About a Poem's Sound 

Checklist: Writing About a Poem’s Sound 

Writing Assignment on Sound 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

21. Rhythm 

Stresses and Pauses 

  Gwendolyn Brooks, We Real Cool 

  Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Break, Break, Break 

  Ben Jonson, Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount, Keep Time With My Salt Tears 

  Dorothy Parker, Résumé 

Meter 

  Edna St. Vincent Millay, Counting-out Rhyme 

  Jacqueline Osherow, Song for the Music in the Warsaw Ghetto 

  A. E. Housman, When I was one-and-twenty 

  William Carlos Williams, Smell! 

  Walt Whitman, Beat! Beat! Drums! 

  David Mason, Song of the Powers 

  Langston Hughes, Dream Boogie 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Gwendolyn Brooks, Hearing “We Real Cool” 

Thinking About Rhythm 

Checklist: Scanning a Poem

Writing Assignment on Rhythm 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

22. Closed Form 

Formal Patterns 

  John Keats, This living hand, now warm and capable 

  Robert Graves, Counting the Beats 

  John Donne, Song (“Go and Catch a Falling Star”) 

  Phillis Levin, Brief Bio 

The Sonnet 

  William Shakespeare, Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds

  Michael Drayton, Since There's No Help, Come Let Us Kiss and Part

  Edna St. Vincent Millay, What lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why 

  Robert Frost, Acquainted with the Night 

  ** William Meredith, The Illiterate

  Kim Addonizio, First Poem for You 

  ** Mark Jarman, Unholy  Sonnet: After the Praying

  A. E. Stallings, Sine Qua Non 

  R. S. Gwynn, Shakespearean Sonnet 

The Epigram 

  Alexander Pope, Epigram Engraved on the Collar of a Dog

  Sir John Harrington, Of Treason

  Robert Herrick, Moderation

  William Blake, Her Whole Life Is An Epigram

  E. E. Cummings, a politician

  Langston Hughes, Prayer

  J. V. Cunningham, This Humanist

  John Frederick Nims, Contemplation

  Brad Leithauser, A Venus Flytrap

  Dick Davis, Fatherhood

  Anonymous, Epitaph of a Dentist

  Hilaire Belloc, Fatigue

  Wendy Cope, Variation on Belloc’s “Fatigue”

 Other Forms 

  Dylan Thomas, Do Not Go Gentle Into That Good Night 

  Robert Bridges, Triolet 

  Elizabeth Bishop, Sestina 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  A. E. Stallings, On Form and Artifice 

Thinking About a Sonnet 

Checklist: Writing About a Sonnet

Writing Assignment on a Sonnet 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

23. Open Form 

  Denise Levertov, Ancient Stairway 

  E. E. Cummings, Buffalo Bill ’s 

  W. S. Merwin, For the Anniversary of My Death 

  William Carlos Williams, The Dance 

  Stephen Crane, The Heart 

  Walt Whitman, Cavalry Crossing a Ford 

  Ezra Pound, Salutation 

  Wallace Stevens, Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird 

Prose Poetry 

  Carolyn Forché, The Colonel 

  Charles Simic, The Magic Study of Happiness 

Visual Poetry 

  George Herbert, Easter Wings 

  John Hollander, Swan and Shadow 

  ** Richard Kostelanetz, Simultaneous Translations

  Dorthi Charles, Concrete Cat 

Seeing the Logic of Open Form Verse 

  E. E. Cummings, in Just- 

  ** A. E. Stallings, First Love: A Quiz

  ** David Lehman, Radio

  Carole Satyamurti, I Shall Paint My Nails Red 

  ** Alice Fulton, What I Like 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Walt Whitman, The Poetry of the Future 

Thinking About Free Verse 

Checklist: Writing about free verse 

Writing Assignment on Open Form 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

24. Symbol 

  T. S. Eliot, The Boston Evening Transcript 

  Emily Dickinson, The Lightning is a yellow Fork 

  Thomas Hardy, Neutral Tones 

  Matthew 13:24-30, The Parable of the Good Seed 

  George Herbert, The World 

  Edwin Markham, Outwitted    

  Robert Frost, The Road Not Taken 

  Christina Rossetti, Uphill 

For Review and Further Study

  William Carlos Williams, The Term 

  Ted Kooser, Carrie 

  ** Mary Oliver, Wild Geese

Lorine Niedecker, Popcorn-can cover 

  ** Wallace Stevens, The Snow Man

  Wallace Stevens, Anecdote of the Jar 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

William Butler Yeats, Poetic Symbols 

Thinking About Symbols 

Checklist: Writing About Symbols 

Writing Assignment on Symbolism 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

25. Myth and Narrative 

  Robert Frost, Nothing Gold Can.

  William Wordsworth, The world is too much with us 

  H. D., Helen    

  ** Constantine Cavafy, IThaca 

Archetype 

  Louise Bogan, Medusa 

  John Keats, La Belle Dame sans Merci 

Personal Myth 

  William Butler Yeats, The Second Coming 

  Gregory Orr, Two Lines from the Brothers Grimm 

Myth and Popular Culture 

  Charles Martin, Taken Up 

  Andrea Hollander Budy, Snow White 

  Anne Sexton, Cinderella 

Writing Effectively 

Writers on Writing 

  Anne Sexton, Transforming Fairy Tales 

Thinking About Myth

Checklist: Writing About Myth 

Writing Assignment on Myth 

  Student Paper, The Bonds Between Love and Hatred in H. D.’s “Helen” 

More Topics for Writing

Terms for Review

 

26. Poetry and Personal Identity 

  Sylvia Plath, Lady Lazarus 

  Rhina Espaillat, Bilingual/Bilingüe 

  Culture, Race, and Ethnicity 

  Claude McKay, America 

  Samuel Menashe, The Shrine Whose Shape I Am 

  Francisco X. Alarcón, The X in My Name 

  Judith Ortiz Cofer, Quiñceañera 

  ** Sherman Alexie, The Powwow at the End of the World

  Yusef Komunyakaa, Facing It 

Gender 

  Anne Stevenson, Sous-Entendu 

  ** Bettie Sellers, In the Counselor's Waiting room

  Donald Justice, Men at Forty 

  Adrienne Rich, Women 

For Review and Further Study 

  Shirley Geok-lin Lim, Learning to Love America 

  Philip Larkin, Aubade 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Rhina Espaillat, Being a Bilingual Writer 

Thinking About Poetry of Personal Identity 

Checklist:  Writing About Voice and Personal Identity

Writing Assignment on Personal Identity 

More Topics for Writing

 

27. Translation 

Is Poetic Translation Possible? 

World Poetry 

  Li Po, Moon-Beneath Alone Drink (literal translation) 

  Translated by Arthur Waley, Drinking Alone by Moonlight 

Comparing Translations 

  Horace, “Carpe Diem” Ode (Latin text) 

  Horace, Seize the Day (literal translation) 

  Translated by Edwin Arlington Robinson, Horace to Leuconoe 

  Translated by James Michie, Don’t Ask 

  Translated by A. E. Stallings, A New Year’s Toast 

  Omar Khayyam, Rubaiyati

  ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XII: A Book of Verses Underneath the Bough 

  ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, VII: Come, Fill the Cup

  ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XIII: Some for the Glories of this World

  ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XXIV: Ah, Make the Most of What We Yet May Spend

  ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, LXXI: The Moving Finger writes

  ** Translated by Edward FitzGerald, XCIX: Ah Love! Could You and I with Him Conspire

Parody 

  Anonymous, We four lads from Liverpool are 

  Hugh Kingsmill, What, still alive at twenty-two? 

  ** Stanley J. Sharpless, How Do I Hate You?  Let Me Count the Ways

  Gene Fehler, If Richard Lovelace Became a Free Agent 

  Aaron Abeyta, thirteen ways of looking at a tortilla 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

Arthur Waley, The Method of Translation 

Thinking About a Parody 

Checklist: Writing About a Parody 

Writing Assignment on Parody 

More Topics for Writing 

 

28. Poetry in Spanish: Literature of Latin America 

  Sor Juana, Presente en que el Cariño Hace Regalo la Llaneza 

  Translated by Diane Thiel, A Simple Gift Made Rich by Affection 

  Pablo Neruda, Muchos Somos 

  Translated by Alastair Reid, We Are Many 

  Jorge Luis Borges, Amorosa Anticipación 

  Translated by Robert Fitzgerald, Anticipation of Love 

  Octavio Paz, Con los ojos cerrados 

  Translated by Eliot Weinberger, With Eyes Closed

Surrealism in Latin American Poetry 

  Frida Kahlo, The Two Fridas 

  César Vallejo, La cólera que quiebra al hombre en niños 

  Translated by Thomas Merton, Anger 

Contemporary Mexican Poetry 

  José Emilio Pacheco, Alta Traición 

  Translated by Alastair Reid, High Treason 

  Tedi López Mills, Convalecencia 

  Translated by Cheryl Clark, Convalescence 

  ** Francisco Segovia, Cada árbol en Su Sombra

  Translated by Don Share with César Perez, Every Tree in Its Shadow

Writers on Translating 

  Alastair Reid, Translating Neruda 

Writing Assignment on Spanish Poetry 

More Topics for Writing 

 

29. Recognizing Excellence 

  Anonymous, O Moon, when I gaze on thy beautiful face 

  Emily Dickinson, A Dying Tiger – moaned for Drink 

  Rod McKuen, Thoughts on Capital Punishment 

  William Stafford, Traveling Through the Dark 

  ** Dylan Thomas, In My Craft or Sullen Art 

Recognizing Excellence 

  William Butler Yeats, Sailing to Byzantium 

  Arthur Guiterman, On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness 

  Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias 

  Robert Hayden, The Whipping 

  Elizabeth Bishop, One Art 

  W. H. Auden, September 1, 1939 

  Walt Whitman, O Captain! My Captain! 

  Paul Laurence Dunbar, We Wear the Mask 

  Emma Lazarus, The New Colossus 

  Edgar Allan Poe, Annabel Lee 

Writing Effectively

Writers on Writing 

  Edgar Allan Poe, A Long Poem Does Not Exist 

Thinking About an Evaluation 

Checklist: Writing an Evaluation 

Writing Assignment on Evaluating a Poem 

More Topics for Writing 

 

30. What Is Poetry? 

  Archibald MacLeish, Ars Poetica 

  Dante, Samuel Johnson, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Hardy, Emily Dickinson, Gerard Manley  Hopkins, Robert Frost, Wallace Stevens, Mina Loy, T. S. Eliot, W. H. Auden, J. V. Cunningham, **José Garcia Villa, **Christopher Fry, Elizabeth Bishop, **Joy Harjo, Jorge Luis Borges, Octavio Paz, William Stafford, **Charles Simi , Some Definitions of Poetry  –

  Ha Jin, Missed Time 

 

31. Two Critical Casebooks
Emily Dickinson and Langston Hughes 

 

Emily Dickinson 

  Success is counted sweetest 

  Wild Nights – Wild Nights! 

  ** There’s a certain Slant of light

  I Felt a Funeral, in my Brain 

  I’m Nobody! Who are you? 

  The Soul selects her own Society 

  Some keep the Sabbath going to Church 

  After great pain, a formal feeling comes 

  ** Much Madness is divinest Sense

  This is my letter to the World 

  I heard a Fly buzz – when I died 

  I started Early – Took my Dog 

  Because I could not stop for Death 

  The Bustle in a House 

  Tell all the Truth but tell it slant 

Emily Dickinson on Emily Dickinson

  Recognizing Poetry 

  Self-Description 

Critics on Emily Dickinson 

  Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Meeting Emily Dickinson 

  Thomas H. Johnson, The Discovery of Emily Dickinson’s Manuscripts 

  Richard Wilbur, The Three Privations of Emily Dickinson 

  Cynthia Griffin Wolff, Dickinson and Death (A Reading of “Because I could not stop for Death”) 

  Judith Farr, A Reading of “My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun” 

 

Langston Hughes 

  The Negro Speaks of Rivers 

  ** My People

    Mother to Son 

  Dream Variations 

  I, Too 

  The Weary Blues 

  Song for a Dark Girl 

  Prayer 

  Ballad of the Landlord 

  End 

  Theme for English B 

  Subway Rush Hour 

  Harlem [Dream Deferred] 

  ** Homecoming

  As Befits a Man 

Langston Hughes on Langston Hughes

  The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain 

  The Harlem Renaissance 

Critics on Langston Hughes

  Arnold Rampersad, Hughes as an Experimentalist 

  Rita Dove and Marilyn Nelson, Langston Hughes and Harlem 

  Darryl Pinckney, Black Identity in Langston Hughes 

  Peter Townsend, Langston Hughes and Jazz 

  Onwuchekwa Jemie, A Reading of “Dream Deferred” 

Topics for Writing About Emily Dickinson 

Topics for Writing About Langston Hughes 

 

32. Critical Casebook: T. S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” 

T. S. Eliot 

  The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 

Publishing “Prufrock”

The Reviewers on Prufrock 

  Unsigned, Review from Times Literary Supplement 

  Unsigned, Review from Literary World 

  Unsigned, Review from New Statesman 

  Conrad Aiken, From “Divers Realists,” The Dial 

  Babette Deutsch, from “Another Impressionist,” The New Republic 

  Marianne Moore, From “A Note on T. S. Eliot’s Book,”  Poetry 

  May Sinclair, From “Prufrock and Other Observations: A Criticism,” The Little Review 

T. S. Eliot on Writing

  Poetry and Emotion 

  The Objective Correlative 

  The Difficulty of Poetry 

Critics on “Prufrock”

  Denis Donoghue, One of the Irrefutable Poets 

  Christopher Ricks, What’s in a Name? 

  Philip R. Headings, The Pronouns in the Poem: “One,” “You,” and “I” 

  Maud Ellmann, Will There Be Time? 

  Burton Raffel, “Indeterminacy” in Eliot’s Poetry 

  John Berryman, Prufrock’s Dilemma 

  M. L. Rosenthal, Adolescents Singing 

Topics for Writing 

 

33. Poems for Further Reading 

  Anonymous, Lord Randall 

  Anonymous, The Three Ravens 

  Anonymous, Last Words of the Prophet 

  Matthew Arnold, Dover Beach 

  John Ashbery, At North Farm 

  Margaret Atwood, Siren Song 

  W. H. Auden, As I Walked Out One Evening 

  W. H. Auden, Musée des Beaux Arts 

  ** Jimmy Baca, Spliced Wire

  Elizabeth Bishop, Filling Station 

  William Blake, The Tyger 

  William Blake, The Sick Rose 

  Gwendolyn Brooks, The Mother 

  ** Gwendolyn Brooks, The Rites for Cousin Vit

  Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways 

  Robert Browning, Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister 

  Geoffrey Chaucer, Merciless Beauty 

  John  Ciardi, Most Like an Arch This Marriage

  Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan 

  Billy Collins, Care and Feeding 

  Hart Crane, My Grandmother’s Love Letters 

  E. E. Cummings, somewhere i have never travelled, gladly beyond 

  Marisa de los Santos, Perfect Dress 

  John Donne, Death be not proud 

  John Donne, The Flea 

  John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 

  ** Rita Dove, Daystar

  John Dryden, To the Memory of Mr. Oldham 

  T. S. Eliot, Journey of the Magi 

  Robert Frost, Birches 

  Robert Frost, Mending Wall 

  Robert Frost, Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 

  Allen Ginsberg, A Supermarket in California 

  Donald Hall, Names of Horses 

  Thomas Hardy, The Convergence of the Twain 

  Thomas Hardy, The Darkling Thrush 

  Thomas Hardy, Hap 

  Seamus Heaney, Digging 

  ** Anthony Hecht, The Vow

  George Herbert, Love 

  Robert Herrick, To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time 

  ** Tony Hoagland, Beauty

  Gerard Manley Hopkins, Spring and Fall 

  Gerard Manley Hopkins, No worst, there is none 

  Gerard Manley Hopkins, The Windhover 

  A. E. Housman, Loveliest of trees, the cherry now 

  A. E. Housman, To an Athlete Dying Young 

  Randall Jarrell, The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner 

  Robinson Jeffers, To the Stone-cutters 

  Ben Jonson, On My First Son 

  Donald Justice, On the Death of Friends in Childhood 

  John Keats, Ode on a Grecian Urn 

  John Keats, When I have fears that I may cease to be 

  John Keats, To Autumn 

  Ted Kooser, Abandoned Farmhouse 

  Philip Larkin, Home is so Sad 

  Philip Larkin, Poetry of Departures 

  D. H. Lawrence, Piano 

  Denise Levertov, The Ache of Marriage 

  Shirley Geok-lin Lim, To Li Po

  Robert Lowell, Skunk Hour 

  Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress 

  Edna St. Vincent Millay, Recuerdo 

  John Milton, When I consider how my light is spent 

  Marianne Moore, Poetry 

  Marilyn Nelson, A Strange Beautiful Woman 

  Howard Nemerov, The War in the Air 

  ** Lorine Niedecker, Sorrow Moves in Wide Waves

  Sharon Olds, The One Girl at the Boys’ Party 

  Wilfred Owen, Anthem for Doomed Youth 

  Linda Pastan, Ethics 

  Sylvia Plath, Daddy 

  Edgar Allan Poe, A Dream within a Dream 

  Alexander Pope, A little Learning is a dang’rous Thing 

  Ezra Pound, The River-Merchant’s Wife: A Letter 

  Dudley Randall, A Different Image 

  John Crowe Ransom, Piazza Piece 

  Henry Reed, Naming of Parts 

  Adrienne Rich, Living in Sin 

  Edwin Arlington Robinson, Miniver Cheevy 

  Theodore Roethke, Elegy for Jane 

  William Shakespeare, When, in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes 

  William Shakespeare, Not marble nor the gilded monuments 

  William Shakespe

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